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L'étude de la dynamique interne des planètes et en particulier de leur manteau rocheux constitué de silicates et oxydes est un thème "historique" du laboratoire abordé, entre autres, par l'expérimentation haute pression-haute température et la mesure in situ de propriétés physiques, en spectroscopie Raman dans le laboratoire ou sur les grands instruments internationaux (synchrotrons).

Comprendre le comportement des matériaux constitutifs de l'intérieur des planètes est l'un des buts premiers de la minéralogie physique. Les résultats obtenus sont utilisés pour contraindre les modèles de structure, de composition chimique et minéralogique et la dynamique des planètes.

Les domaines de pressions et de température auxquels nous nous intéressons sont, dans le cadre de l'étude de la Terre elle-même, entre 0 et 360 GPa (3,6 millions d'atmosphères, pression estimée au centre du noyau) et 300 et 5000 kelvins.

 

The Institut Lumière Matière, Physics department, and the Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, Department of Earth and planetary sciences, jointly invite applications from prospective postdoctoral researchers. The successful applicant will study the viscosity and vibrational properties of water and aqueous solutions under extreme conditions using high-pressure, high-temperature experimental techniques, and should hold a Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry, Physics, or Earth and Planetary Sciences by the start date.
The research activity develops under the auspices of a joint French ANR and German DFG project H2D2OX.

Source : Actualités du CNRS-INSU

Grâce à la mise en œuvre d’un nouvel équipement expérimental, des chercheurs de l’Unité matériaux et transformation (CNRS / ENSC Lille/ INRA / Université de Lille 1), du Laboratoire de géologie de Lyon : Terre, planètes et environnement (LGL-TPE, CNRS / Université Claude Bernard / ENS Lyon), de l’IIT Kharagpur (Inde) et du synchrotron ESRF à Grenoble ont réussi pour la première fois à suivre - en temps réel, in situ et grain à grain - les changements de microstructure d’un échantillon d’olivine soumis aux pressions et températures élevées d’une plaque en subduction. Ce travail va permettre de mieux contraindre les propriétés mécaniques utilisées dans les modèles de dynamique du manteau et de la subduction.

Cette petite vidéo (en anglais) présente les expériences des scientifiques qui viennent à l'ESRF (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility) à Grenoble, en France, afin d'utiliser son rayonnement X intense pour des expériences d'imagerie. Pour les chercheurs, ces expériences sont à la fois exaltantes et stressantes, car, souvent, ils jouent contre le temps pour obtenir leurs résultats dans le délai qui a leur été attribué. Les scientifiques travaillent de longues heures sur les lignes de lumière où le rayonnement synchrotron est amené à travers des échantillons expérimentaux pour intéragir et sonder la matière.

Geologic hydrogen production has long been thought to fuel deep ecosystems. Hydrogen-producing reactions known to take place between water and rock at high temperatures and pressures, however, have only been recapitulated in the laboratory at very slow rates, perhaps too slow to support Earth’s ubiquitous deep biosphere. In a report published in the October 2013 edition of American Mineralogist, DCO scientists Muriel Andreani, Isabelle Daniel, and Marion Pollet-Villard of University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 show that the rate of one such reaction, serpentinization, can be increased by an order of magnitude using aluminum oxide as a catalyst.

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